Micronutrients

What are micronutrients?

Micronutrients are substances in our food without which we humans would not be viable. Unlike macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates, and fat), they do not provide energy. As materials of our metabolism, they are involved in the basic biological functions of our body. Depending on the field of application, they ensure that we live, grow up and "are human" in all our dimensions. Since micronutrients cannot be produced by our bodies, or can only be produced in insufficient concentrations, these substances must be supplied via food – and this must be done regularly and in sufficient quantities.

What are the micronutrients?

Micronutrients include mainly vitamins, minerals and trace elements. However, an expanded definition also includes other substances, such as proteinogenic amino acids, omega fatty acids and vitamin-like compounds (vitaminoids). In addition, secondary plant substances, enzymes, fiber and special bacterial cultures such as gut bacteria are also considered as micronutrients.

Difference between macronutrients and micronutrients

Macronutrients, i.e. carbohydrates, protein and fat, are the main components of our diet. Our bodies need them in large quantities, because they serve as a source of energy or – after appropriate conversion – as building materials. In contrast, depending on the definition, there are about 45 micronutrients, which our body only needs in much smaller amounts. Although these substances do not provide energy, they are essential for the smooth running of our metabolism and therefore for our survival.